The Mountlennium project analyzes regional mountain initiatives with the aim of assessing the contribution of regional governance architectures to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs – 7A : integration of
ustainable development principles in national policies, and 7B : reduction of biodiversity loss). While progress towards
meeting the MDGs has focused on the policies and practices of countries and intergovernmental organizations of the UN
system, the originality of the project is to look at the role of the regional scale in policy diffusion. Mountain regions have
been recognized as critical human-environment systems on the world’s environmental agenda. Implementing sustainable
development strategies through regional initiatives entails processes of rescaling, which impacts governance, collective
action, and identity formation. In order to assess the potential of MDG diffusion through regional initiatives, the Mountlennium
project focuses on five mountainous areas where regional governance initiatives have been launched : the European Alps,
the Carpathians, the Balkans, the Caucasus and Central Asia. The five case studies are analyzed as linked empirical domains in order to assess the institutional diffusion of a “mountain governance” model inspired by the Alpine Convention in terms of sustainable development. In turn, the five mountain governance initiatives are compared on the basis of how MDGs 7A and 7B resonate with prevailing provisions so as to ascertain regionalization`s potential for mainstreaming sustainable development principles and reducing biodiversity loss.